Daemon

Remote Desktop Licensing service to fail to start

/ Daemon /

Remote Desktop Licensing service to fail to start, with error code %%-1073672191.

The Terminal Services Licensing service cannot start. The following error occurred: Can’t initialize Cryptographic – error code 5.

Sometime happens a problem with Remote Desktop Licensing services not starting.
The Terminal Licensing MachineKeys have permissions for Administrators and/or TermServLicensing  but the service starts using the “Network Service” account… Why??????

You can fix the problem adding Network Service account (read only privileges it’s ok), on follow directory (you can force ownership propagation for reapply the correct privilege tree):

C:\Documents and Settings\all users\Application Data\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys

Then the service start, correctly.

 

For further information you can take a look at microsoft KB:

Default permissions for the MachineKeys folders:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/278381

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb909654%28v=vs.90%29.aspx

Remote Desktop Licensing service to fail to start Read More »

Postfix – Auth Dovecot Backend

/ Daemon /

main.cf file Postfix related parametes:

smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth

dovecot.conf file Dovecot related parameters:

auth default {
mechanisms = plain login

[…removed irrelevance parameters…]


socket listen {
client {
path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
}
}

Postfix – Auth Dovecot Backend Read More »

.ssh – Permission

/ Daemon /

If any of the files (or directories leading up to the files) have permissions set too loose, the connection will fail. Permission errors may be logged on the server side by the sshd(8) daemon.

Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory …

In most cases, potential permission problems can be solved by restricting down access to the SSH configuration files. Permission changes to the home directory might be needed, though restricted rights may break other things.

server$ chmod go-w ~/
server$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh
server$ chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

.ssh – Permission Read More »

Squid – Radius auth

/ Daemon /

In this example a squid installation will use RADIUS “squid_radius_auth” Squid RADIUS authentication helper to authenticate users.

Get last version of squid radius auth helper at:
http://www.squid-cache.org/contrib/squid_radius_auth/

Download:

[leo@srv01 leo]# wget http://www.squid-cache.org/contrib/squid_radius_auth/squid_radius_auth-1.10.tar.gz

Extract:

[leo@srv01 leo]# tar -xvf squid_radius_auth-1.10.tar.gz

Go to directory:

[leo@srv01 leo]# cd squid_radius_auth-1.10

Compile:

[leo@srv01 squid_radius_auth-1.10]# make
gcc -O2 -Wall -g -c -o squid_rad_auth.o squid_rad_auth.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -g -c md5.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -g -c util.c
gcc -g -o squid_radius_auth squid_rad_auth.o md5.o util.o

Now the installation, for my needs, I wanna keep binary into /usr/lib/squid/ and configuration file into /etc/squid/ and I don’t wanna take man files then edit Make.inc like this:

BINDIR = /usr/lib/squid
CONFDIR = /etc/squid

install: squid_radius_auth
mkdir -p $(BINDIR)
install -m 755 -s squid_radius_auth $(BINDIR)/squid_radius_auth
# mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)
# install -m 755 squid_radius_auth.8 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/squid_radius_auth$(MANEXT)
mkdir -p $(CONFDIR)
install -m 644 etc/squid_radius_auth.conf $(CONFDIR)/squid_radius_auth.conf.default
if ! test -f $(CONFDIR)/squid_radius_auth.conf; then \
cp -p $(CONFDIR)/squid_radius_auth.conf.default $(CONFDIR)/squid_radius_auth.conf; \
fi

Edit config file /etc/squid/squid_radius_auth.conf here my example:

server 10.255.X.X
secret XXXXXXXX
port 1645

Now you can test the helper, execute and then type your radius username/password on the same line separated with space, on successful authentication it will give “OK” otherwise “ERR login failure”

[leo@srv01 leo]# /usr/lib/squid/squid_radius_auth -f /etc/squid/squid_radius_auth.conf
leo xxxx
OK

Now you can made change to “squid.conf”

# TAG: auth_param
auth_param basic program /usr/lib/squid/squid_radius_auth -f /etc/squid/squid_radius_auth.conf
auth_param basic children 5
auth_param basic realm Wide-NET-Proxy
auth_param basic credentialsttl 5 minute
auth_param basic casesensitive on

# TAG: acl
acl radius-auth proxy_auth REQUIRED

# TAG: http_access
http_access allow localhost
http_access allow radius-auth
http_access deny all

Squid – Radius auth Read More »

Nagios – Twitter alerts

/ Daemon, Scripting /

This entry will cover how to send nagios alerts to twitter, in the examples to follow using curl.

Firstly edit commands.cfg

And add the two following line:

define command {
command_name notify-by-twitter
command_line /usr/bin/curl --basic --user "twitteruser:twitterpassword" --data-ascii "status=[Nagios] $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ $HOSTALIAS$/$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.json
}

define command {
command_name host-notify-by-twitter
command_line /usr/bin/curl --basic --user "twitteruser:twitterpassword" --data-ascii "status=[Nagios] $HOSTSTATE$ alert for $HOSTNAME$" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.json
}

Now define a contact for this twitter service into: contacts.cfg

define contact{
contact_name twitter
service_notification_commands notify-by-twitter
host_notification_commands host-notify-by-twitter
service_notification_period 24x7
host_notification_period 24x7
service_notification_options a
host_notification_options a
}

Add this contact into your existing contact groups like this (in contacts.cfg):

define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name admins
alias Nagios Administrators
members nagiosadmin,sms_alert,twitter
}

Then run a nagios prefly check to ensure you have no syntax errors, and restart nagios.

Nagios – Twitter alerts Read More »

ProFTP(D) – listen on single ip

/ Daemon, Networking /

I don’t use ftp, but wordpress comes with this nice feature to upgrade plugins automatically from the web admin interface that needs ftp.

the problem is I don’t want to enable the ftp service and make it available to the rest of the world just for that.

So I needs the following two options in proftpd.conf:

DefaultAddress 127.0.0.1
SocketBindTight on

Now restart proftpd and you’re done.

ProFTP(D) – listen on single ip Read More »

Asterisk – permissions and ownership for the socket console

/ Daemon /

If you need to give asterisk operational permission to a simple user on linux system, first of all you can add it on asterisk group, then you can edit “asterisk.conf” usually on /etc/asterisk/ and give rwx permission to asterisk group like this (add if they don’t exist):

[files]
astctlpermissions => 770
astctlowner => asterisk
astctlgroup => asterisk
astctl => /var/run/asterisk/asterisk.ctl

Restart asterisk to apply changes.

Common error (wrong socket permission):

[leo@srv01 ~]$ /usr/sbin/asterisk -r
Asterisk 1.4.22-4 RPM by vc-rpms@voipconsulting.nl, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2008 Digium, Inc. and others.
Created by Mark Spencer
Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'core show warranty' for details.
This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public
License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions. Type 'core show license' for details.
=========================================================================
Unable to connect to remote asterisk (does /var/run/asterisk/asterisk.ctl exist?)
[leo@srv01 ~]$

Asterisk – permissions and ownership for the socket console Read More »

Exim – Command

/ Daemon, Linux /

Some userfull Exim command:

exim -bp mailq — The mailq is relevant
as it gives your the email IDs.
exim -M emailID force delivery of one message
exim -qf Force another queue run
exim -qff Force another queue run and
attempt to flush frozen messages
exim -Mvl messageID View Log for message
exim -Mvb messageID View Body for message
exim -Mvh messageID View Header for message
exim -Mrm messageID ReMove message (no errors sent)
exim -Mg messageID Give up and fail message,
message bounces to sender

Exim – Command Read More »

OpenSSH – Generate server key

/ Daemon, Linux, Tech /

OpenSSH require different keys depending if you use SSH1 or SSH2 protocol. All keys are generated by “ssh-keygen” commad, that one should be available on your system with the ssh package. Default key lengths are also appropriate (2048 bits for rsa and 1024 bits for dsa)
For SSH1 protocol, you need a rsa1 key generated has follow:

# ssh-keygen -q -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N '' -t rsa1

For SSH2 protocol, you need two keys, one rsa key and one dsa key generated has follow:

# ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N '' -t rsa
# ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N '' -t dsa

OpenSSH – Generate server key Read More »

IIS Socket Pooling

/ Daemon, Networking, Tech /

C’è una cosa brutta da sapere e si scopre quando per caso proviamo ad installare un servizio in ascolto sulla porta 80 su windows che ha già attivo per sfortuna nostra IIS, si chiama socket pooling, infatti automaticamente iis decide di essere in ascolto su tutti i socket quindi ogni indirizzo configurato sulla macchina, impedendo l’avvio di qualsiasi altro servizio (es. apache) anche se apparentemente configurato correttamente.

Per ovviare a questo problema ecco come fare:
-Prima di tutto installate i support tools, dove sono? Inserite il cd nella directory \Support\Tools trovate un pacchetto suptools.msi
-Ora potete procedere:

Definizione dello scenario in questo caso un server con windows con i seguenti ip:
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (destinato a iis)
yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy (destinato ad altro webserver)

from cmd (support tool shell):


#settiamo l'ip in ascolto di iis
httpcfg set iplisten -i xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
#eliminiamo l'ascolto di iis su questo ip
httpcfg delete iplisten -i yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy

#verifichiamo di non aver fatto errori
httpcfg query iplisten

#riavviamo il tutto per rendere effettive le modifiche
net stop http /y
net start w3svc

Nota: queste operazioni sono testate su IIS6 quindi sulle piattaforme Windows 2003 (tutte le versioni) non posso garantire il funzionamento identico su 2008

IIS Socket Pooling Read More »

Miaoo – Tomcat su Debian

/ Daemon, Linux, Tech /

Breve draft su come installare tomcat su debian, in questo caso lenny, le versioni dei pacchetti potrebbero cambiare ma il risultato finale è quello.

Partiamo installando quello che ci serve:

#apt-get install tomcat5.5 tomcat5.5-admin sun-java5-jdk tomcat5.5-webapps

Attenzione, se l’installazione debian di default sicuramente non trovo il java jdk, è necessario quindi aggiungere il repository non-free, in apt editando in questo modo: /etc/apt/source.list

deb http://your-mirror-url/debian/ lenny main non-free
deb-src http://your-mirror-url/debian/ lenny main non-free

Configurare il sistema per utilizzare java

srv01#update-alternatives --config java

There are 2 alternatives which provide ‘java’.

Selection Alternative
———————————————–
1 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/bin/java
*+ 2 /etc/alternatives/kaffe-system/bin/java

Press enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number:

digitiamo 1 per attivare /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/bin/java

Definiamo il runtime java specifico installato e reso di default nel sistema come da step precendenti, editando il file /etc/default/tomcat5.5 e aggiungendo:

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/

Definiamo ora gli utenti per l’interffaccia di gestione editando il file /var/lib/tomcat5.5/conf/tomcat-users.xml e creando una struttura simile:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<tomcat-users>
<role rolename="tomcat"/>
<role rolename="role1"/>
<role rolename="standard"/>
<role rolename="manager"/>
<role rolename="admin"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="pwd" roles="tomcat,admin"/>
<user username="both" password="pwd" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
<user username="role1" password="pwd" roles="role1"/>
<user username="leo" password="pwd" fullName="leonardo" roles="standard"/>
<user username="manager" password="pwd" fullName="" roles="manager"/>
</tomcat-users>

In questo caso sono definiti 3 utenti, due principali e uno definito dall’utente (manager, admin, leo)

Fatto questo avviamo tomcat o riavviamolo se già attivo:

srv01#/etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 start o restart

Di default il server è in ascolto sulla porta 8180 quindi per accedere andare all’indirizzo:

http://ipserver:8180/

Nota: nel mio caso ho usato il pacchetto jdk5 che contiene il java 1.5.0 è disponibile anche a scelta il pacchetto 1.6.0 ovviamente di chiama jdk6

Miaoo – Tomcat su Debian Read More »

Configuring the svnserve daemon

/ Daemon, Tech /

– Creating the repositories

If you have not created any subversion repositories yet, you can create one with svnadmin:

# svnadmin create ~/my-repository

– Tweaking svnserve.conf

Open up and edit the svnserve.conf file located in the $HOME/my-repo/conf/ directory.

#
# Sample $HOME/my-repo/conf/svnserve.conf
#
[general]

# Path to the file containing svn users and passwords.
password-db = $HOME/my-repo/conf/passwd

# Authentication realm of the repository. Two repositories using the
# same password-db should have the same realm.
realm = My-test-repository

# Deny all anonymous access
anon-access = none

# Grant authenticated users read and write privileges
auth-access = write

– Setting up password authentication

Open up and edit the password-db file (ie. $HOME/my-repo/conf/passwd). A sample entry might look like this:

[users]
user1 = password1
user2 = password2

– Starting up the server

Run the server by invoking svnserve with the -d switch (daemon mode) and –listen-host 1.2.3.4 (substituting 1.2.3.4 for your v-host IP address).

# svnserve -d –listen-host 1.2.3.4 -r $HOME/my-repo

To ensure that your svnserve gets started whenever the server is booted, you must add a @reboot line to your crontab. Use the crontab -e command to bring up your crontab in your favorite text editor and add the following line:

@reboot svnserve -d –listen-host 1.2.3.4 -r $HOME/my-repo

– Testing the server

To test the server’s functionality, you can create a working copy of your repository using your shell. The checkout command will create a working copy of the repository:

# svn co svn://your-domain.com/$HOME/my-repo my-working-dir
# cd my-working-dir
# echo “foo bar” > test-file
# svn add test-file
# svn remove test-file
# svn commit

Configuring the svnserve daemon Read More »

Configuring subversion access over HTTP/DAV

/ Daemon, Tech /

– Creating the repository

If you have not created any Subversion repositories yet, you can create one with svnadmin:

# svnadmin create ~/my-repository

Adding mod_dav_svn to your httpd

# a2enmod mod_dav_svn

If you plan to use fine-grained permissions, load mod_authz_svn.so as well:

# a2enmod mod_authz_svn
– Configuring access to repositories

HTTP access to your repositories is defined using a <Location> section in your httpd.conf.

<Location /myproject>
DAV svn
SVNPath /home/myself/myrepos/myproject
AuthType Basic
AuthName “My project”
AuthUserFile /home/myself/private/myproject.pw
Order deny,allow
<LimitExcept GET PROPFIND OPTIONS REPORT>
Require valid-user
</LimitExcept>
</Location>

This entry would grant read-only access to everyone and write access to every user AuthUserFile. You can use the htpasswd utility to create or update this file, as described here.

The next entry grants read/write access to users in the AuthUserFile, and no access to anyone else.

<Location /myproject>
DAV svn
SVNPath /home/myself/myrepos/myproject
AuthType Basic
AuthName “My project”
AuthUserFile /home/myself/private/myproject.pw
Order deny,allow
Require valid-user
</Location>

The previous examples all define access on a per-repository basis. It is also possible to grant access from specific users to specific areas of the repository, using fine-grained permissions.

– Testing the repository

Using either a remote Subversion client or the standard svn command from your shell, you can generate your working copy of the repository with the checkout command. If you are accessing public data over a read-only account, you can use a standard http URL:

# svn co http://your-domain/myproject/

If you are accessing private data or using a read/write account, make sure to use an https URL:

# svn co https://your-domain/myproject/

The contents of public repositories are also accessible from a web browser. Keep in mind that search engines will try to index any public data, so you may want to use a robots.txt file.

– Using fine-grained permissions (optional)

You can allow or deny specific users read/write privileges on specific items within a repository using AuthzSVNAccessFile. If you use this directive, make sure the mod_authz_svn module is loaded.

<Location /repos>
DAV svn
SVNPath /home/myself/myrepos

# Access Control via the authz module.
AuthzSVNAccessFile /home/myself/private/myrepos.acl
# Anonymous access is allowed. Prompt as needed.
Satisfy Any
Require valid-user
AuthType Basic
AuthName “My subversion repositories”
AuthUserFile /home/myself/private/myrepos.pw
</Location>

The file specified in AuthzSVNAccessFile is a plain text file which defines fine-grained access lists. Note that all path names specified are relative to the SVNPath.

#
# Allow anonymous read access to everything by default.
#
[/]
* = r

#
# Grant alice and bob write access to all of /myproject1/.
#
[/myproject]
* = r
leo = rw
temp = rw

#
# Grant carol and charlie write access to only /myproject/foo
#
[/myproject/foo]
leo= rw
temp = rw

Configuring subversion access over HTTP/DAV Read More »

MySQL Change Password

/ Daemon, Tech /

If you have never set a root password for mysql, the server does not require a password at all for connecting as root. To setup root password for first time, use mysqladmin command at shell prompt as follows:

# mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD

However, if you want to change (or update) a root password, then you need to use following command

# mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpass

Enter password:
Change MySQL password for other user
To change a normal user password you need to type (let us assume you would like to change password for leo):

# mysqladmin -u leo -p oldpassword newpass

Changing mysql root user password using mysql sql command
This is another method. mysql stores username and passwords in user table inside mysql database. You can directly update password using the following method to update or change password for user leo:

1. Login to mysql server, type following command at shell prompt:

# mysql -u root -p

2. Use mysql database (type command at mysql> prompt):

mysql> use mysql;

3. Change password for user leo:

mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD(“NEWPASSWORD”) where User=’leo’;

4. Reload privileges:

mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit

MySQL Change Password Read More »

ProFTP(D) – Ident Lookups

/ Daemon, Linux, Tech /

Visto che mi è capitato e mi dimentico sempre, proftpd nell’installazione standard (Debian per capirci) è attivo di defaultl l’ident del client, quindi colpa del reverse o colpa dei dns mal configurati la connessione risulta parecchio lenta nella fase di autenticazione.

Per risolvere:

#/etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
IdentLookups no

ProFTP(D) – Ident Lookups Read More »

IIS maxupload limit ASP

/ Daemon, Tech /

IIS 6 on Windows Server 2003 or R2 has a limit of 200 KB for ASP requests in general and file uploads. To change this limitation you need to edit the Metabase file, which can be found at c:\Windows\System32\Inetsrv\MetaBase.xml.
Follow these steps:
– Stop IIS from command line

iisreset /STOP

– Open MetaBase file, find the variable AspMaxRequestEntityAllowed limits the number of bytes in the page request (by default 200KB); change the value to 1073741824 (unlimited) or to a limit of your choice.

– Start IIS from command linet:

iisreset /START

There’s another way for do this change without stop the service but sincerly IIS is a Microsoft program, I’m no sure about this operation..

Go to IIS and right click the server, select Properties, and check the box “Allow changes to MetaBase configuration while IIS is running” then try to edit metbase file.

IIS maxupload limit ASP Read More »

MySQL Backup & Restore

/ Daemon, Linux /

Per effettuare un backup del singolo database:

root@tardis:~# mysqldump --database dbname > name_db.sql -u root -p

Queste sono opzioni utili:

–quick: effettua il dump direttamente sullo standard output;
–add-drop-table: inserisce le istruzioni di eliminare le tabelle esistenti prima di ricrearle;
–add-locks: blocca gli inserimenti;
–lock-tables: blocca la lettura;

Per fare un restore del singolo database:

root@tardis:~# mysql --one-database dbname < name_db.sql -u root -p

MySQL Backup & Restore Read More »

Perl – Zabbix SMS Allert

/ Daemon, Linux /

Un netmonitor, non è un vero netmonitor se non fa squillare il telefono del sysadmin con un sms almeno 3 volte a notte, ecco qui uno script in perl per interfacciare zabbix con il servizio fornito da Mobyt tramite un POST http su un loro gateway, con qualche aggiustatina può essere usato anche con altri servizi analoghi.

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Leonardo Rizzi
# Version 0.3
# SMS sent throuth Mobyt gateway
# Designed for use without ip autentication only MD5 Hash
# Attention: there aren't any check but message limit is of 160 charaters.

use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_hex);
use strict;
use LWP::UserAgent;
use HTTP::Request::Common qw(POST);
my ($operation, $qty, $rcpt, $query, $out, $ua, $ok, $ko, $data, $from);
my ($code, $id, $password);

$id="username";
$password="password";
$ok='SMS Sent Correctly';
$ko='SMS Not Sent';
$from= $ARGV[1];
$operation="TEXT";
$qty = 'h';

#attention this fuking provider don't accept 00 for international area code only + if you use 00 you get sent error
$rcpt = $ARGV[0];
$data = $ARGV[2];
$code = join '', $id,$operation,$rcpt,$from,$data,$password;

my $ticket=md5_hex($code);

$ua = new LWP::UserAgent;
$ua->agent("SMS_MD5_Relay/0.2 " . $ua->agent);
my $req = POST 'http://smsweb.mobyt.it/sms-gw/sendsmart',
[
id => $id,
operation => 'TEXT',
rcpt => $rcpt,
from => $from,
data => $data,
qty => $qty,
ticket=> $ticket
];

my $res=$ua->request($req);

if ($res->content =~ /^OK/)
{
fine_ok (); }
else
{ fine_ko (); }

exit;
sub fine_ko () {
my $msg=shift;
print "$ko\n";
exit (1);

}

sub fine_ok () {
my $msg=shift;
print "$ok\n";
exit (1);

}

Perl – Zabbix SMS Allert Read More »

MySQL – Reset root password

/ Daemon, Linux /

E si a volte capita di non ricordare o avere sotto mano la password di un database mysql, ecco qualche breve passaggio per reimpostarla:

1. Stoppare il server mysql solitamente una cosa del genere dovrebbe bastare:

root@tardis:~# /etc/init.d/mysql stop

2. Avviare una sessione del demone mysql con il parametro “skip grant table”

root@tardis:~# mysqld_safe –skip-grant-tables

3. A questo punto è possibile collegarsi al server senza che richieda credenziali quindi:

root@tardis:~# mysql
>

4. Reipostiamo direttamente nella tabella del db la password di root:

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD(‘NewPass’) WHERE User=’root’;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

5. Stoppiamo il demone avviato con il “skip grant table” e riavviare quello corretto:

root@tardis:~# /etc/init.d/mysql start

MySQL – Reset root password Read More »

Debian – PXE installation

/ Daemon, Linux /

Dato che ultimamente è più facile per me avere a portata di mano un portatile o dispositivo simile e non i cd che vanno innesorabilmente persi, mi sono deciso a mettere un sistema di boot PXE sul notebook per effettuare l’installazioni dei server.

Ecco quello che serve per partire, è necessario avere questi 3 pacchetti:
– Il server TFTP dove risiederanno le immagini di boot.
– Il server DHCP per distribuire gli indirizzi e i parametri PXE
– Il dnsmasq questo servirà ad installazione avviata per recuperare i pacchetti dal repository

1. Quindi prima cosa installiamo:

root@tardis:~/apt-get install tftpd-hpa dhcp3-server dnsmasq

2. Abilitiamo il server tftp con questi passaggi:

Editiamo:
/etc/default/tftpd-hpa

Modificando questo parametro:
RUN_DAEMON=”no”
in questo:
RUN_DAEMON=”yes”
Io mi sono creato per comodità un link simbolico alla root del tftp in /

root@tardis:~# ln -s /var/lib/tftpboot /tftp-root

Ora di può far partire il servizio:

root@tardis:~# /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa start

3. Abilitiamo il server dhcp:

Editiamo questo file:
/etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

Inserendo queste righe:

option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.50;
default-lease-time 86400;
max-lease-time 604800;
authoritative;

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.10.10 192.168.1.20;
filename “pxelinux.0”;
next-server 192.168.10.50;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option routers 192.168.10.50;
}

Ora di può far partire il servizio:

root@tardis:~# /etc/init.d/dhcpd-server start

4. Abilitiamo il dnsmasq

Editiamo questo file:
/etc/dnsmasq.conf

dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,tardis,192.168.10.50

Ora di può far partire il servizio:

root@tardis:~# /etc/init.d/dnsmasq start

5. Routing:

Questa parte ci serve per fare il get dal repository usando il portatile da router.

root@tardis:~# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

6. Prepariamo il repository locale:

root@tardis:~# cd /tftp-root
root@tardis:~# wget http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/dists/etch/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
root@tardis:~# tar xvf netboot.tar.gz

Con questa operazione creaiamo il repository per il boot normale senza opzioni, eventuali parametri andranno specificati manualmente.

Ora collegando una macchina da installare con il pxe abilitato, prederà l’ip dal server dhcp e caricherà l’immagine di boot tramite tftp!

Debian – PXE installation Read More »

Debian – debian-sys-maint

/ Daemon, Linux /

Se per sbaglio durante un restore di un database mysql cancellaste l’utente di sistema debian-sys-maint
Potete ripristinarlo usando la password generata e scritta in chiaro in questo file:

/etc/mysql/debian.cnf

Questo è necessario se usate il sitema APT per gestire gli aggiornamenti dei servizi, in caso contrario non ha senso di esistere.

Debian – debian-sys-maint Read More »

Manipolazione certificati ssl P12

/ Daemon, Tech /

Memo su come estrarre i certificati compressi in P12

Comando per estrarre la chiave:

# openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -in cert.p12 -out key.pem

Comando per estrarre il certificato:

# openssl pkcs12 -nokeys -in cert.p12 -out cert.pem

Comando per decriptare la chiave, questo serve per evitare di reinserire tutte le volte che si usa la chiave, la password rsa:

# openssl rsa -in key.pem -out decryptkey.pem

Manipolazione certificati ssl P12 Read More »

Linux – Zabbix Build 1.6.1 (MySql)

/ Daemon, Linux /

Una breve guida sull’implementazione di questo giovane netmonitor che a mio avviso a differenza di soluzioni più conosciute e consolidate come nagios, introduce una gestione molto più web oriented semplificando moldo le operazioni in ambienti che necessitano di rapida scalabilità.

L’installazione è stata effettuato con successo usando Debian Etch 4.0r5 e CentOS 5.2 inutile dire che tutte le operazio che seguiranno dovranno essere fatte da utente ‘root’

1. Prepariamo quello che ci serve per la compilazione:

tardis:~# aptitude -y install build-essential libmysqlclient-dev libssl-dev libsnmp-dev libiksemel-dev libcurl3-dev

tardis:~# apt-get install snmp libiksemel3 libcurl3 libsnmp-base libmysqlclient15off

2. Scarichiamo i sorgenti, e procediamo con scompattazione:

tardis:~# wget http://garr.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/zabbix/zabbix-1.6.1.tar.gz
tardis:~# tar zxvf zabbix-1.6.1.tar.gz
tardis:~# cd zabbix-1.6.1

3. Configurazione e compilazione, in questo caso verà compilato oltre all’agente dedicato a discovery e al monitoraggio, anche il server che ha la funzione di raccogliere di dati dai vari agent, gestire gli allarmi e le operazioni di cordinameto:

tardis:~# ./configure –prefix=/usr –with-mysql –with-net-snmp –enable-server –enable-agent –enable-ipv6 –with-jabber
tardis:~# make

Ora una piccola nota, se compilaste direttamente su macchine di produzione a questo punto basterebbe fare un ‘make install’ non avendo gli strumenti dedicati, è necessario spostare il compilato sulla macchina dedicata e procedere a mano, quindi (questa fase è da eseguire sulla macchina di produzione che dovrà avere a bordo Apache2, PHP5, Mysql5 già funzionanti):

4. Creiamo utente e gruppo dedicato:

groupadd zabbix
useradd -c ‘Zabbix’ -d /home/zabbix -g zabbix -s /bin/bash zabbix
mkdir /home/zabbix
chown zabbix:zabbix /home/zabbix

5. Creiamo database e utente dedicato in mysql server:

mysql -p -u root
create database zabbix;
grant all on zabbix.* to ‘zabbix’@’localhost’ identified by ‘changeme’;
quit;

6. Popoliamo le tabelle del database:

server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# mysql -u root -p zabbix  < create/schema/mysql.sql
server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# mysql -u root -p zabbix < create/data/data.sql
server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# mysql -u root -p zabbix < create/data/images_mysql.sql

7. Creaiamo una struttura di directory dedicata, questa soluzione potrebbe risultare noiasa, ma durante le operazioni di aggiornamento e manutenzione sarà molto più comodo e veloce:

server:~# mkdir /usr/share/zabbix
server:~# mkdir /usr/share/zabbix/sbin
server:~# mkdir /usr/share/zabbix/etc
server:~# mkdir /usr/share/zabbix/frontends

8. Con i seguenti passaggi creaiamo un link simbolico delle /etc di zabbix alla /etc di sistema, copiamo il frontend php nella directory dedicata, e infine copiamo gli esguibili compilati che ci servono:

server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# ln -s /usr/share/zabbix/etc/ /etc/zabbix
server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# cp -r frontends/php/* /usr/share/zabbix/frontends

server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# cp src/zabbix_agent/zabbix_agent /usr/share/zabbix/sbin/zabbix_agent
server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# cp src/zabbix_agent/zabbix_agentd /usr/share/zabbix/sbin/zabbix_agentd
server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# cp src/zabbix_server/zabbix_server /usr/share/zabbix/sbin/zabbix_server

9. Configuriamo i file di init.d copiandoli e aggiustando i path

server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# cp misc/init.d/debian/* /etc/init.d/

Modificate entrambi gli script aggiustando i path in particolare questa riga:

da così: DAEMON=/home/zabbix/bin/${NAME}
deve diventare così: DAEMON=/usr/share/zabbix/sbin/${NAME}

10. Aggiungiamo la definizione delle porte usate da zabbix nei /etc/services

echo ”
zabbix_agent 10050/tcp # Zabbix ports
zabbix_trap 10051/tcp” >> /etc/services

11. Copiamo le configurazioni di default e apportiamo le modifiche di base:

server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# chown -R zabbix:zabbix /usr/share/zabbix/etc
server:~/zabbix-1.6.1# cp misc/conf/zabbix_* /usr/share/zabbix/etc

Editiamo il file: zabbix_agentd.conf e assicuriamoci che ci sia la seguente riga

Server=127.0.0.1

Editiamo zabbix_server.conf

max_execution_time = 300
date.timezone = UTC
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=changeme

12. Apache e PHP

Nel file php.ini è necessario avere i seguenti parametri definiti:

max_execution_time = 300
date.timezone = UTC

La configurazione di apache è abbastanza a discrezione dell’amministratore si può fare in due modi:

Creando un vhost dedicato:

<virtualhost>
ServerName zabbix.domain.tld
DocumentRoot /usr/share/zabbix/frontends
<directory>
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</directory>
</virtualhost>

Oppure creando un’alias in una vhost già definito:

<IfModule mod_alias.c>
Alias /zabbix /usr/share/zabbix/frontends
</IfModule>

13. Ora se tutto è stato fatto correttamente avviando i servizi e aprendo la pagina web si potrà procedere con la rapiada configurazione del frontends e poi all’uso ma prima i seguenti comandi:

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
/etc/init.d/zabbix-server start
/etc/init.d/zabbix-agent start

Linux – Zabbix Build 1.6.1 (MySql) Read More »

Apache – Client denied by server configuration

/ Daemon /

Tipico errore 403 Access Denied e nel log una stringa simile a quest “client denied by server configuration” con incluso il path del file specifico?

Allora con buona probabilita’ manca una direttiva nella configurazione globale o nella singola del vhost:

<Directory “/var/www/”>
Options None
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>

Apache – Client denied by server configuration Read More »

Server Strings

/ Daemon /

Adoro quando i server rispondono cosi’ (si, il server di posta e’ in ascolto anche in ipv6):

leobook-w:~ leonardorizzi$ telnet mail.deepreflect.net 25
Trying 2001:470:1f13:10a::100…
Connected to mail.deepreflect.net.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
220 deepreflect.net ESMTP – Life is short talk fast!

Server Strings Read More »

SSH key

/ Daemon /

Nel caso succeda che il demone sshd non parta per i seguenti motivi:

Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
Disabling protocol version 1. Could not load host key
Disabling protocol version 2. Could not load host key

Con questi comandi si generano le chiavi host:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

SSH key Read More »